Transmitting apparatus with bit arrangement method

ABSTRACT

A transmitting apparatus comprising circuitry operable to generate a plurality of bit sequences using bits included in a first data block and a second data block, circuitry operable to control the plurality of bit sequences to correspond to a signal point on the phase plane, comprising a bit sequence generating unit operable to control the generation of the bit sequences to adjust an occupation rate occupied with predetermined bits included in the first data block to be closer to an occupation rate occupied with predetermined bits included in the second data block in regard to bit positions of the predetermined bits, based on an error tolerance of the respective bit sequences generated resulting from the correspondence to a signal point on the phase plane, and circuitry operable to transmit the signals obtained by multi-level modulations in accordance with each signal point.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a transmitting apparatus that generatesbit sequences so as to tend to equalize error tolerance among blocks ofdata that are transmitted.

2. Description of the Related Art

Standardization is now under development for the W-CDMA system which isa system of the 3rd generation mobile communication systems of the 3rdgeneration Partnership Project (3GPP). As a theme of thestandardization, the High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), whichcan provide a maximum transmission rate of about 14 Mbps in thedownlink, is specified. The HSDPA employs an adaptive coding modulationscheme and is characterized, for example, in that the QPSK modulationscheme and the 16 QAM scheme are adaptively switched in accordance withthe radio transmission environment between the base stations and mobilestations. Moreover, the HSDPA also employs the Hybrid Automatic Repeatrequest (H-ARQ) scheme in which if an error is detected in the datatransmitted from a base station, re-transmission is executed respondingto a request from a mobile station.

The main radio channels used for the HSDPA include the High Speed-SharedControl Channel (HS-SCCH), the High Speed-Physical Downlink SharedChannel (HS-PDSCH), and the High Speed-Dedicated Physical ControlChannel (HS-DPCCH).

The HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH are both shared channels for a downlink(namely, in the direction from the base station to the mobile station),while HS-SCCH is the control channel for transmitting various parametersin regard to the data transmitted by the HS-PDSCH. Among the parameters,information such as the modulation type, which indicates the modulationscheme used for transmission of the data with HS-PDSCH, and the numberof assignments (number of codes) of the spread code, may be listed.

Meanwhile, the HS-DPCCH is an dedicated control channel for the uplink(namely, in the direction from the mobile station to the base station)and is used when the mobile station transmits the ACK and NACK signalsto the base station in accordance with acknowledgment andno-acknowledgement of reception of data received via the HS-PDSCH.

Moreover, the HS-DPCCH is also used for transmitting the result of themeasurement of the reception quality (for example, the signal tointerference ratio (SIR)) to the base station as the Channel QualityIndicator (CQI). The base station judges quality of radio environment ofthe downlink based on the received CQI. When the environment is notgood, a modulation scheme which is capable of transmitting the data at ahigher transmission rate is selected. When the environment is good, amodulation scheme which is capable of transmitting the data at a lowertransmission rate is selected (namely, adaptive modulation is executed).

Channel Format

Next, a channel format in the HSDPA will be described.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a channel format in the HSDPA. SinceW-CDMA employs the code division multiplexing system, each channel isseparated with the spreading codes.

First, the channels not described above will be described briefly.

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) and Primary Common Control Physical Channel(P-CCPCH) are respectively common channels for the downlink.

The CPICH is used for estimation of channel condition and cell search inthe mobile station and as the timing reference for the other physicalchannel for downlink in the same cell. In other words, this CPICH is thechannel for transmitting the pilot signal. The P-CCPCH is the channelfor transmitting the broadcast information to the mobile stations.

Next, timing relationship of channels will be described with referenceto FIG. 1.

As illustrated in the figure, each channel forms one frame (10 ms) with15 slots. As described previously, since the CPICH is used as thereference of the other channel, the top of frames the P-CCPCH andHS-SCCH are matched with the top of frame of the CPICH. Here, the top offrame of the HS-PDSCH is delayed by two slots from the HS-SCCH or thelike in order to execute the demodulation of the HS-PDSCH with thedemodulation method corresponding to the received modulation type afterthe mobile station has received the modulation type information via theHS-SCCH. Moreover, the HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH form one sub-frame withthree slots.

The HS-DPCCH is used as the uplink channel, although not synchronizedwith the CPICH, on the basis of the timing generated by the mobilestation.

The channel format of the HSDPA has been described above briefly. Next,the process up to transmission of the transmission data via the HS-PDSCHwill then be described with reference to the block diagram.

Structure of Base Station

FIG. 2 illustrates a structure of a base station supporting the HSDPA.

In FIG. 2, the reference numeral 1 designates a CRC attachment unit; 2,a code block segmentation unit; 3, a channel coding unit; 4, a bitseparating unit; 5, a rate matching unit; 6, a bit collecting unit; and7, a modulation unit.

Next, operations of each unit will be described.

The transmission data transmitted via the HS-PDSCH (data stored in onesub-frame of the HS-PDSCH in FIG. 1) is first subjected to the CRCarithmetic process in the CRC attachment unit. Accordingly, the resultof the arithmetic operations is attached to the last portion of thetransmission data. The transmission data to which the result of CRCarithmetic operation is attached is then input to the code blocksegmentation unit 2 and is then segmented into a plurality of blocks.This segmentation is executed to shorten the unit data length for theerror correcting coding, considering the load of decoding process on thereceiving side. When the length of data has exceeded the predeterminedlength, the data is equally segmented into a plurality of blocks. Aninteger 2 or larger is selected as the number of segmentations and, asan example, the processes when the number of segmentations is 2 will bedescribed here.

The segmented transmission data are respectively processed as the objectdata of individual error correcting coding processes in the channelcoding unit 3. Namely, the error correcting coding process is executedrespectively to the segmented first block and second block. As anexample of the channel coding, turbo coding is considered.

Here, the turbo coding system will be described briefly. In the turbocoding system, when the object data of the coding is defined as U, thedata U itself, the data U′ obtained by the convolutional coding of thedata U and the data U″ obtained by executing the interleaving on thedata U and then executing the convolutional coding on the interleaveddata are outputted. Here, U is called the systematic bits and are thedata used in both element decoders for the turbo decoding. This data Ucan be understood as the data having higher importance because of higherapplication frequency. On the other hand, U′ and U″ are called theredundant bits and are used only one of two element decoders. These datacan be understood as having a degree of importance which is lower thanthe data U because of lower application frequency.

Namely, it can be said that the systematic bits have a degree ofimportance which is higher than that of the redundant bits and a correctdecoding result can be obtained with the turbo decoder if the systematicbits are received more correctly.

The systematic bits and redundant bits generated as described above areinputted as the serial data to the bit separating unit 4. The bitseparating unit 4 separates the input serial data into the data U, U′and U″ of three systems and then outputs these data as parallel data.

The rate matching unit 5 executes the puncturing process for deletingthe bits and also executes the repetition process by repeating the bitswith the predetermined algorithm in order to store the data into asub-frame formed of three slots of the HS-PDSCH.

The bits having completed the bit adaptation process to the sub-frame inthe rate matching unit 5 are then input in parallel to the bitcollecting unit 6.

The bit collecting unit 6 generates and outputs, on the basis of theinput data, bit sequences of 4 bits indicating each signal point, forexample, of the 16 QAM modulation.

The modulating unit 7 outputs the signal modulated by the 16 QAMmodulating method in the amplitude and phase corresponding to the signalpoint indicated by the input bit sequence and then sends the signal tothe antenna (not illustrated) after conversion into a radio frequencysignal through frequency conversion.

Arrangement Method

Here, the processes in the bit collecting unit will be described infurther detail.

FIG. 3 illustrates the arrangement method in the bit collecting unit 6.

The bits including the systematic bits, redundant bits or the likeoutput through the rate matching process are required to correspond tothe bit sequences indicating the signal points in the 16 QAM modulation.Therefore, these data must be arranged in the units of 4 bits.

The systematic bits and redundant bits are segmented, by the code blocksegmentation unit, into two groups, the first block, and the secondblock. However, since these bits are stored in the same sub-frame, thebits are coupled again into one aggregation and processed as one datablock in the bit collecting unit 6.

In FIG. 3, the bit sequences as a whole indicated as Nr(4)×N_(c) (10)corresponds to the coupled systematic bits and redundant bits. Theregions indicated as S1, S2, S3 and P2-1 of the first column are bitsequences corresponding to one signal point for the 16 QAM modulation.According to FIG. 3, since 10 bit sequences are provided, a 10 bitsequence expresses 10 signal points because 1 bit sequence expresses 1signal point.

Next, a bit alignment procedure will be described.

First, in the code block segmentation unit 2, the total number ofsystematic bits N_(sys) of each block of two segmented blocks(the sum ofthe number of the first systematic bits and the number of the secondsystematic bits after the rate matching process) is obtained.

Next, a quotient A and a remainder B are obtained by dividing N_(sys)with the total number of columns N_(c) (total number of bits 40÷numberof bit sequences 4=10).

The number of rows, which is equal to the quotient A obtained, aredefined sequentially from the top as the regions for systematic bits.Moreover, the regions in the left side of the rows of the regionsoccupied by the systematic bits are sequentially defined, as many as thesame number as the remainder B, as the regions for systematic bits.

According to this definition, the regions indicated in FIG. 3 with theoblique lines are defined as the regions for systematic bits. Theremaining regions are defined as the regions for redundant (parity)bits.

Next, the systematic bits of the first block are sequentially assignedto the region defined for the systematic bits toward the bottom in thecolumn direction from the first line, first column. When the systematicbits region of the first column are filled, the systematic bits of thesecond column are filled in the same manner.

Meanwhile, the redundant bits are sequentially assigned from the firstcolumn to the region for the redundant bits illustrated in FIG. 3. Inparticular, the redundant bits corresponding to U′ are defined as thefirst redundant bits, while the redundant bits corresponding to U″ aredefined as the second redundant bits, the first bit of the secondredundant bits of the first block is assigned to the first column of theredundant bits region, the first bit of the first redundant bits of thefirst block is assigned to the second column of the redundant bitsregion, and the second bit of the second redundant bits of the firstblock is assigned to the third column. As described above, the redundantbits regions are assigned by alternately assigning the second redundantbits and first redundant bits. In FIG. 3, the arrow marks indicate thearrangement sequence and PM-N indicates that N-th bit of the M-thredundant bits must be arranged.

The bit columns, namely bit sequences, arranged as described above,indicate the signal points on the phase plane illustrated in FIG. 4. Forexample, the bit column indicates the signal point A when (S1, S2, S3,P2-1)=(1, 0, 1, 1).

Such an arrangement method is disclosed, for example, in the followingdocument:

-   -   3G TS 25. 213 (3rd Generation Partnership Project: Technical        Specification on Group Radio Access Network; Spreading and        modulation (FDD))

There are a number of problems to be found in the prior art describedabove.

Namely, when the mapping on the phase plane as described above isexecuted while multi-level modulation is introduced, the lower bits (S3,S6, S9, . . . , P2-7, P2-8, P2-1, P1-1, . . . , P1-7, P1-8) are in thetrend, against the upper bits, (S1, S4, S7, . . . , S21, S23, S2, S5,S8, . . . , S22, S24) of each aligned bit column, to easily generate anerror during determination of the signal point on the receiving side dueto variation of phase and amplitude in the radio transmission. However,as illustrated in FIG. 3, when the segmented first block is comparedwith the second block, the four systematic bits of the first block arearranged in the lower bits, while none of the systematic bits of thesecond block are assigned to the lower bits.

As described previously, the systematic bits can be understood as theimportant pieces of information. According to the arrangement methoddescribed above, however, tolerance to phase and amplitude variationsduring radio transmission is different among the blocks due to thearrangement of the systematic bits.

Moreover, when the number of systematic bits is rather small, when thesegmented first block is compared with the second block as illustratedin FIG. 8, the redundant bits of the first block are not assigned to theupper bits. However, the four redundant bits of the second block areassigned to the upper bits. According to the arrangement method also asdescribed above, tolerance to phase and amplitude variations duringradio transmission is different among the blocks due to the arrangementof redundant bits.

Accordingly, there arise problems in that a difference in tolerance isgenerated among the blocks resulting from arrangement of signal pointseven when the same kind of bits are used in the blocks in any case ofsystematic bits and redundant bits, and moreover reception qualityitself is also different in accordance with the block used, creating adifference in quality among the blocks.

An object of the present invention is to provide equalization oftolerance to an error among the blocks.

Moreover, there exists the problem that when an error correction processin the turbo coding process is to be executed, a block having highertolerance has a margin of error correction that handles the occurrenceof further error, but a block having lower tolerance likely falls intothe situation in which an error is generated that exceeds the errorcorrection capability, and therefore such a condition is not effective.

Another object of the present invention is to enhance the efficiency oferror correction by equalizing the tolerance to error in the blocks whenan error correction process, such as turbo coding, is to be executed.

Moreover, another object of the present invention is to reduce the caseof transmitting unnecessary signals, by increasing likelihood ofsimultaneous generation of error in both blocks and that of nogeneration of error in either block. Such as system may re-transmit theblock not generating an error because the system that cannot identifythe block generating an error among a plurality of blocks is employed.

In addition, it can also be considered as one of the objects of thepresent invention to provide the effect which can be attained from eachstructure of the preferred embodiments thereof described later and whichcannot be obtained with the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention uses a transmitting apparatus generating aplurality of bit sequences using the bits included in a first data blockand a second data block, controlling a plurality of the bit sequences tocorrespond to each signal point on the phase plane, and transmitting thesignals obtained by the multi-level modulations in accordance with eachsignal point, wherein the apparatus comprises a bit sequence generatingunit for controlling the generation of bit sequences to make anoccupation rate occupied with the predetermined bits included in thefirst data block closer to the occupation rate occupied with thepredetermined bits included in the second data block in regard to thepredetermined bit positions distinguished in accordance with a degree oflikelihood of error within the respective bit sequences generatedresulting from the correspondence.

The present invention moreover uses the transmitting apparatus describedabove, wherein the transmission apparatus transmits the signals within asame radio frame.

The present invention uses the transmitting apparatus described above,wherein the respective bit sequences are provided, resulting from thecorrespondence, with first bit positions and second bit positions inwhich an error is more easily generated than that in the first bitpositions, and the predetermined bit positions are the first bitpositions or the second bit positions.

The present invention uses the transmitting apparatus described above,wherein the first data block and the second data block respectivelyinclude systematic bits and redundant bits, both predetermined bitsincluded in the first data block and the predetermined bits included inthe second data block are systematic bits, and the bit sequencegenerating unit executes control to preferentially arrange thesystematic bits to the first bit positions in accordance with thecontrol.

The present invention uses the transmitting apparatus described above,wherein the multilevel modulation is 16 QAM modulation and the first bitpositions are upper bits (1st bit and 2nd bit), while the second bitpositions are lower bits (3rd bit and 4th bit).

The present invention uses the transmitting apparatus described above,wherein the first data block and the second data block respectivelyinclude systematic bits and redundant bits, and the predetermined bitsincluded in the first data block and the predetermined bits included inthe second data block are systematic bits or redundant bits.

The present invention uses the transmitting apparatus described above,wherein the first data block and the second data block includesystematic bits and first redundant bits and second redundant bitsobtained by turbo encoding and both the predetermined bits included inthe first data block and the predetermined bits included in the seconddata block are systematic bits, or redundant bits, or first redundantbits, or second redundant bits.

The present invention uses a transmitting apparatus comprising asegmentation unit for segmenting data and an error detection code forsaid data into N blocks, an error correcting encoding unit forrespectively executing the error correcting coding process on the Nblocks, an arrangement means for arranging N blocks of systematic bitsand redundant bits obtained after the error correcting coding processinto a plurality of bit sequences, and a transmitting unit fortransmitting the data after execution of amplitude phase modulationcorresponding to each signal point on the phase plane indicated by eachbit sequence arranged, wherein the arrangement means equalizes thenumber of systematic bits of N blocks to be arranged in the side wherean error is more easily generated.

The present invention uses the transmitting apparatus described above,wherein the arrangement means almost sequentially arranges a pluralityof said bit sequences up to that included in the N blocks from thatincluded in the first block and executes said equalizing by distributingbit sequences which are admitted to arrange said systematic bits in theside where an error is more easily generated.

A bit arrangement method in a bit arrangement apparatus for generating Lbit sequences by segmenting transmit data into two or more bit groupsincluding a first bit group including X bits and a second bit groupincluding Y bits and then arranging the bits of the first bit group andthe bits of the second bit group into a first bit position and a secondbit position wherein an error is more easily generated than the firstbit position, wherein certain bits included in the first bit group andcertain bits included in the second bit group are preferably arranged tothe first bit position, moreover, when <N> is defined as the maximuminteger equal to or less than N, the number of the certain bits includedin the first bit group arranged at the second bit position is setsmaller than X+Y−<(X+Y)÷L>×L and the number of the certain bits includedin the second bit group arranged at the second bit position is set equalto 1 or larger, where(<(X+Y))÷L>+1)×(X+Y−<(X+Y)÷L>×L)≦X, 2≦(X+Y−<(X+Y)÷L>×L).

A radio base station corresponding to HSDPA, comprising a bit collectionunit for generating a bit matrix of 4×N_(c) for 16 QAM by re-arrangingthe data having completed the rate matching process, wherein the dataincludes at least a first data block and a second data block throughsegmentation at a code block segmentation unit, when N_(sys) is definedas a total number of systematic bits of the first data block and thesecond data block included in the data, <N> is defined as the maximuminteger equal to or less than N, and A and B are respectively defined asA=<N_(sys)÷N_(c)>, B=N_(sys)−A×N_(c), the bit collection unitcontinuously arranges the systematic bits up to N_(c)-th column from thefirst column for the A-th row from the first row and also arrangesnon-continuously the B systematic bits up to the N_(c)-th column fromthe first column for the (A+1)-th row.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be describedwith reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a channel format in the HSDPA.

FIG. 2 diagrammatically shows a structure of a base station supportingthe HSDPA.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement method of the prior artin the bit collecting unit 6.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of each signal point on theplane in the 16-level QAM modulation.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the transmitting apparatus of thepresent invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a structure of the spreading processingunit 24.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for describing the bit arrangement method of thepresent invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement method in the bitcollecting unit 6 of the prior art.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing the bit arrangement method of thepresent invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for describing the arrangement of bit sequencecorresponding to the second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for describing introduction of the 8 PSK system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Description of the First Embodiment

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary transmitting apparatus of the presentinvention.

As an example of the transmitting apparatus, the transmitting apparatus(radio base station) of the W-CDMA communication system corresponding tothe HSDPA described previously will be described first. Thistransmitting apparatus can also be adapted to the transmitting apparatusused in the other communication system (for example UMTS).

In FIG. 5, reference numeral 10 designates a control unit forcontrolling each unit (11 to 25 or the like) by sequentially outputtingthe transmission data (each data to be transmitted within one sub-frame)to be transmitted through the HS-DSCH. The HS-DSCH is the shared channeland therefore the transmit data to be transmitted sequentially isrespectively allowed to be destined to different mobile stations.

Numeral 11 designates a CRC attachment unit for adding a result of anarithmetic operation to the last part of the transmission data byexecuting the CRC arithmetic operation to the sequentially inputtedtransmission data (data to be transmitted within the same radio frame).Numeral 12 designates a bit scrambling unit for giving the randomizedformat to the transmission data by scrambling, in units of bits, thetransmission data to which the result of the CRC arithmetic operation isattached.

Numeral 13 designates a code block segmentation unit for segmenting (forexample, almost equally segmenting) the input transmit data after thebit scrambling if the data exceeds the predetermined data length inorder to prevent, in the next channel coding, an increase in the amountof arithmetic operations of the decoder on the receiving side, which iscaused when the length of the object data of coding becomes too long. Inthis figure, the input data length exceeds the predetermined data lengthand the output is illustrated when the transmitting data is segmentedinto two blocks (first data block and second data block). Of course, thedata can also be segmented into more than two blocks and can also besegmented in different data lengths rather than equal lengths.

Numeral 14 designates a channel coding unit for individually executingthe error correcting coding process on the segmented data. As thechannel coding unit 14, a turbo encoder is preferably used and thereforethe turbo encoder is used here as an example.

Therefore, the first output includes, in regard to the first block, asdescribed previously, the important systematic bits (U) which is thesame data as the coding object data, the first redundant bits (U′)obtained by convolutional coding of the systematic bits (U) and thesecond redundant bits (U″) obtained by convolutional coding of thesystematic bits after the interleaving process. In the same manner, thesecond output includes, in regard to the second block, the systematicbits (U), first redundant bits (U′) and the second redundant bits (U″).

Numeral 15 designates a bit separation unit for separately outputtingthe systematic bits (U), first redundant bits (U′) and second redundantbits (U″) of the first block inputted in serial form from the channelcoding unit 14 (turbo encoder). This process is also adapted to thesecond block and therefore only the output corresponding to the firstblock is illustrated.

Numeral 16 designates a first rate matching unit for executing the ratematching process such as the puncturing process to store the data withina predetermined region of a buffer unit 17 in the subsequent stage.

Numeral 17 designates a buffer unit for storing the data havingcompleted the rate matching process in the first rate matching unit 16into the preset region which has been set by the control unit 10 inaccordance with the receiving capability of the mobile station as thedata transmitting object. However the buffer can be omitted, such aswith a virtual buffer.

Numeral 18 designates a second rate matching unit for adjusting the datalength to that for storing within one sub-frame designated with thecontrol unit 10. The length of the input data is adjusted to thedesignated length by executing the puncturing process or repetitionprocess.

In the HS-PDSCH, since the parameters such as modulation method,spreading factor (SF), and number of codes (number of channels) arevariable, the number of bits to be stored is not constant even in asub-frame of the same time length. The control unit 10 indicates thenumber of bits corresponding to the parameters to the second ratematching unit 18 as the data length which may be stored within onesub-frame.

Numeral 19 designates a bit collection unit for arranging the data intoa plurality of bit sequences from the second rate matching unit 19.Namely, a plurality of bit sequences are inputted in order to indicatethe signal points on the phase plane by arranging the data of the firstblock and the data of the second block with the bit arrangement methodwhich will be described later. In this embodiment, the bit sequence isformed of four bits because the 16 QAM modulation scheme is employed. Itcan naturally be considered to use other multi-level modulation systems(for example, 8 PSK method or the like).

Numeral 20 designates a physical channel segmentation unit forsegmenting the bit sequences and then outputting groups of the bitsequences to the sequences of the same number as the number of spreadingcodes (number of codes) indicated by the control unit 10, namely forsequentially sharing and outputting, when the number of codes in thetransmitting parameters is N, the input bit sequences to the sequences 1to N.

Numeral 21 designates an interleaving unit for respectively executingthe interleaving process on the bit sequences of the N sequences.

Numeral 22 designates a constellation re-arrangement unit for 16 QAMwhich can re-arrange the bits within each bit sequence for input bitsequences. For example, it is possible that the input bit sequence isoutput directly during the first transmission and bit re-arrangement canbe executed at the time of re-transmission in the H-ARQ described above.The bit re-arrangement process, for example, replaces the upper bits andthe lower bits. The bit re-arrangement process is preferably executedequally for a plurality of bit sequences. It is also possible duringre-transmission that the input bit sequence is output directly withoutany bit re-arrangement process.

Numeral 23 designates a physical channel mapping unit for sharing thebit sequences of the N sequences in the subsequent stage into Nspreading units included in the spreading processing unit 24.

Numeral 24 designates a spreading processing unit which is provided witha plurality of spreading portions for outputting the corresponding I,and Q voltage values on the basis of the bit sequences of the Nsequences and then also outputting the data by executing the spreadingprocess with different spreading codes.

The bit sequences of four bits are respectively converted to respectivevoltage values of the I and Q elements according to Table 1. However,the upper bits sequentially correspond to I1, Q1, I2, and Q2. TABLE 1 I(after Q (after I1, I2 conversion) Q1, Q2 conversion) 0, 0 +1 0, 0 +1 0,1 +3 0, 1 +3 1, 0 −1 1, 0 −1 1, 1 −3 1, 1 −3

Table 1 will be described with reference to an example. When the bitsequence of four bits is expressed as (0100), I1 and I2 are 0, 0 and Q1,Q2=1, 0. Accordingly, this bit sequence is converted to the voltages ofI=+1 and Q=−1.

As the spreading method, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, afterthe conversion in table 1 with a voltage converting unit 26, arithmeticoperations are executed with a multiplier, an adder and a subtracter onthe basis of the I element CI and the Q element CQ of the spreading codein order to perform the spreading process.

Returning to FIG. 5, numeral 25 designates a modulating unit for adding(combining) each signal spread by the spreading processing unit 24,executing the amplitude/phase modulation, for example, of the 16 QAMmodulation method on the basis of the added signal and transmitting thesignal to an antenna as a radio signal through frequency conversion to aradio signal.

The names and operations of respective units have been described aboveand it can be understood that a plurality of bit sequences are generatedusing the bits included in the first data block and second data block,each bit sequence is controlled to correspond to each signal point onthe phase plane, and phase/amplitude modulation is performed inaccordance with each signal point.

Bit Arrangement Method

Next, the bit arrangement method in the bit collecting unit 19 will bedescribed in more detail, as an example of the bit sequence generatingmeans and arrangement method.

FIG. 7 is illustrates the bit arrangement method in the bit collectingunit.

The systematic bits and redundant bits output through the rate matchingprocess by the first rate matching unit 16 and second rate matching unit18 must be assigned to each signal point in the 16 QAM modulation.Accordingly, these bits are aligned in bit sequences of four bits. Whenthe other amplitude/phase modulation is to be executed, four bits may besometimes changed to a different number of bits.

Each block segmented in the code block segmentation unit 13 is storedwithin the same sub-frame and therefore this block must be coupled asonly one aggregation. An example of such aggregation is the bit matrixexpressed as N_(r)(4)×N_(c)(10). The total number of bits is equal tothe value corresponding to the transmission parameter notified with thecontrol unit 10. The regions indicated with S1, S2, S3, P2-1 of thefirst column (one bit sequence)are data corresponding to only one signalpoint for execution of the 16 QAM modulation. According to the figure,10 columns are provided and therefore the data for 10 signal points areillustrated.

Next, the bit arrangement method of N_(r)×N_(c) bits will then bedescribed.

First, a quotient A and a remainder B are obtained by dividing the totalsum N_(sys)(=N_(sys1)+N_(sys2)) of the number of systematic bitsN_(sys1) of the first block and the number of systematic bits N_(sys2)of the second block with the total number of columnsN_(c)(N_(c)=N_(sys)÷4, for 16 QAM modulation).

The regions as many as the number of lines equal to the obtainedquotient A are sequentially defined as the regions for systematic bits.

Next, the remainder B is divided with the number of segmentation blocks2 and a quotient B1 is obtained in order to equally assign the remainderB to the first block and second block.

Accordingly, for the first block, the B1 regions are sequentiallydefined in the row direction from the first row from the first column ofthe (A+1)-th row.

For the second block, the B2(B−B1) regions are sequentially defined asthe regions for systematic bits in the row direction from the sixthcolumn (the column in which the column number of the regions of thesecond block becomes a minimum) of the (A+1)-th row as illustrated inFIG. 7.

According to this definition, the regions indicated by the oblique linesin FIG. 7 are designated as the regions for the systematic bits and theremaining regions are designated as the regions for the redundant bits.

Next, when the systematic bits of the first block are assignedsequentially from the top in the column direction from the first row,first column to the regions defined for the systematic bits and theregions for the systematic bits of the first column are filled, thesystematic bit regions of the second column are next filledsequentially. Accordingly, control is executed to preferentially arrangethe systematic bits to the upper bit positions.

Meanwhile, regarding the redundant bits, the regions (redundant bitregions) other than the systematic bit regions illustrated in FIG. 7 areassigned from the first column. In particular, when the redundant bitscorresponding to the data U′ are designated as the first redundant bits,and the redundant bits corresponding to the data U″ are designated asthe second redundant bits, then the first bit of the second redundantbits of the first block is assigned to the first column of the redundantbit regions, the first bit of the first redundant bits of the firstblock is assigned next to the second column of the redundant bitregions, and the second bit of the second redundant bits of the firstblock is assigned next to the third column. As described above, theredundant bit regions are assigned by alternately assigning the secondredundant bits and the first redundant bits. In FIG. 7, the arrow markindicates the arrangement sequence and PM-N indicates the arrangement ofthe N-th bit of the M-th redundant bits. As the arrangement, forexample, the input data of the first block and the input data of thesecond block are stored and can also be arranged to the desired positionaccording to the read address control or the like.

The bit (sequences) arranged as described above indicate the signalpoints on the phase plane and when (S1, S2, S3, P2-1)=(1, 0, 1, 1) isattained, for example, this relationship indicates the signal point A asdescribed above.

When assignment of the signal points of the bit sequences as illustratedin FIG. 4 is executed, an error tends to be generated more easily in thelower bits, compared to the upper bits of the bit sequences of four bitsbecause of determination of signal points on the receiving side due tovariations in phase and amplitude during radio transmission. However,referring to FIG. 7, the number of systematic bits as the important bitsassigned to the lower bits (here, the 3rd and 4th bits) which willeasily generate an error is considered as two(2) for both first blockand second block and is then equalized among the blocks. It can also beconsidered here that the number of systematic bits of the first andsecond blocks is different in several bits and is not strictly equal.However, it is also possible to equalize such number of systematic bitsas a whole under the supposition that there is no such difference in thenumber of bits. In some cases, weighting may also be executed to assignthe upper bits to the side where many systematic bits are provided,considering such bit difference.

In other words, control is executed so that an occupation rate of thepredetermined bits (systematic bits, for example) included in the firstdata block may be set to become closer to the occupation rate of thepredetermined bit (for example, systematic bits) included in the seconddata block in regard to the predetermined bit position within the bitcolumn (for example, lower bits position to easily generate an errorsuch as the 3rd bit, 4th bit).

The example in which many systematic bits are provided and are assignedalso to the lower bits as the bit position which will easily generate anerror has been described above. However, in some cases, a small numberof systematic bits can also be provided. In this case, according to themethod described in this embodiment, assignment is executed asillustrated in FIG. 9. Symbols or the like used in FIG. 9 have themeaning same as that of those appearing in FIG. 7.

As is obvious from FIG. 9, control is executed, according to thearrangement method in this embodiment, so that the occupation rate ofthe predetermined bits (for example, redundant bits) included in thefirst data block is set closer to the rate of the predetermined bits(for example, redundant bits) included in the second data block inregard to the predetermined bit position within the bit column (forexample, upper bit positions to not easily generate an error such as the1st and 2nd bits).

Accordingly, since tolerances (for example, tolerance of the bits of thesame kind) for the bits of at least the first and second blocks areequalized, deviation in that one has a higher tolerance, while the otherhas a lower tolerance may be reduced and the total probability ofgeneration of an error can be lowered.

Moreover, tolerances for the phase/amplitude variations are closedduring radio transmission among the blocks for the systematic bits asthe important information and it is now possible to alleviate thesituation that the bits having the lower tolerance will generate anerror exceeding the error correction capability thereof, although thebits having the higher tolerance may allow generation of further errorwith the error correcting process of the turbo code or the like.

Moreover, in this embodiment, only one CRC check bit result of the CRCarithmetic operation, which is the code for detecting the error, isattached in common to the first block and second block in order toreduce the redundant bits. On the receiving side, the data of the firstand second blocks is received and the CRC arithmetic operation isexecuted to check whether the received CRC check bits are equal to theresult of the CRC arithmetic operation. Accordingly, if an error isdetected, re-transmission is executed by transmission of there-transmission request.

In this case, if any consideration is not taken into account, as in thecase of the prior art, for difference in tolerance for an error in thefirst and second blocks, the possibility of generation of error becomeshigh only in the block having the lower tolerance and therebyre-transmission frequency increased. When the error detection code isattached to each block, an error can be detected for each block.Therefore, the re-transmission need only be executed for the blockincluding an error. However, when the error detection code is attachedin common to a plurality of blocks, the block including an error cannotbe identified and the plurality of blocks as a whole including thecorrect code blocks must be re-transmitted.

However, in this embodiment, since tolerances for error in the firstblock and second block are set closely with each other, existence ornon-existence of error in the first and second blocks is different onlyin rare cases and this situation may be matched with attachment of acommon error detection code for a plurality of blocks.

In other words, the possibility for error only in any of the first andsecond blocks is lowered and the possibility for the result in which anerror is simultaneously generated in both blocks or an error is notgenerated in either block becomes high. Accordingly, waste of radioresources such as re-transmission of the correct code may be loweredduring the re-transmission process.

Conclusion

As the conclusion of the first embodiment, the method of calculatingeach value used for general alignment of bits when the number ofsegmentations of blocks is selected to be M will be described. <N> meansthe maximum integer equal to or less than N. $\begin{matrix}{A = {< {N_{sys} \div N_{c}} >}} \\{{B\quad 1} = {< {\left( {N_{sys} - {A \times N_{c}}} \right) \div M} >}} \\{{B\quad 2} = {< {\left( {N_{sys} - {A \times N_{c}} - {B\quad 1}} \right) \div \left( {M - 1} \right)} > \quad\ldots}} \\{{BL} = {< \left\{ \left( {N_{sys} - {A \times N_{c}} - \left( {{B\quad 1} + {B\quad 2} + \quad\cdots\quad +} \right.} \right. \right.}} \\{{\left. \left. {B\left( {L - 1} \right)} \right) \right) \div \left( {M - \left( {L - 1} \right)} \right)} > \quad\ldots} \\{{BM} = {N_{sys} = {{A \times N_{c}} - \left( {{B\quad 1} + {B\quad 2} + \quad\ldots + {B\left( {M - 1} \right)}} \right)}}}\end{matrix}$

Here, the following may also be considered under the condition that [N]is assumed to indicate the minimum integer equal to N or larger.$\begin{matrix}{A = {< {N_{sys} \div N_{c}} >}} \\{{B\quad 1} = \left\lbrack {\left( {N_{sys} - {A \times N_{c}}} \right) \div M} \right\rbrack} \\{{B\quad 2} = {\left\lbrack {\left( {N_{sys} - {A \times N_{c}} - {B\quad 1}} \right) \div \left( {M - 1} \right)} \right\rbrack\quad\ldots}} \\{{BL} = \left\lbrack \left\{ \left( {N_{sys} - {A \times N_{c}} - \left( {{B\quad 1} + {B\quad 2} + \quad\cdots\quad +} \right.} \right. \right. \right.} \\{\left. \left. {{\left. \left. {B\left( {L - 1} \right)} \right) \right) \div M} - \left( {L - 1} \right)} \right\} \right\rbrack\quad\ldots} \\{{BM} = {{Nsys} - {A \times N_{c}} - \left( {{B\quad 1} + {B\quad 2} + \quad\ldots + {B\left( {M - 1} \right)}} \right)}}\end{matrix}$

As described above, the present embodiment discloses a bit arrangementmethod for the bit sequence generating apparatus, which segments thetransmitting data into the two or more bit groups, including a first bitgroup also including the X bits, and a second group also including the Ybits, and generates the L bit sequences by arranging the bits of thefirst bit group, and the bits of the second bit group, to each bitposition in the bit sequences of predetermined length having the firstbit position and the second bit position, which generates an error moreeasily than the first bit position, wherein when certain bits includedin the first bit group and certain bits included in the second bit groupare preferably arranged at the first bit position and <N> is defined asthe maximum integer equal to or less than N, the number of the certainbits included in the first bit group arranged at the second bit positionis set smaller thanX+Y−<(X+Y)÷L>×L  (3)and the number of the certain bits included in the second bit grouparranged to the second bit position is set equal to or larger than 1under the conditions of(<(X+Y)÷L>+1)×(X+Y−<(X+Y)÷L>×L)≦X  (1), and2≦(X+Y−<(X+Y)÷L>×L  (2).

According to the arrangement method of the prior art, when theconditions (1) and (2) are satisfied, the number of the certain bitsincluded in the first bit group arranged at the second bit position ismatched with the value of (3) and the number of the certain bitsincluded in the second bit group arranged at the second bit positionbecomes 0, resulting in a large difference in the error tolerancebetween both bit groups (among systematic bits). However, according tothe first embodiment, which is an example of the method in which thenumber of the certain bits included in the first bit group arranged atthe second bit position is set, under the conditions of (1) and (2),smaller than the value of condition (3), and the number of the certainbits included in the second bit group arranged at the second bitposition is set equal to 1 or larger, the difference in error toleranceamong the first bit group and second bit group is reduced.

Moreover, with another expression, a bit collection unit is provided asin this embodiment to re-arrange the data having completed the ratematching process and to generate N_(c) bit sequences, wherein each bitsequence includes 4 bits, for 16 QAM in the radio base stationcorresponding to the HSDPA. Accordingly, the data includes at least thefirst data block and second data block owing to the segmentation in thecode block segmentation unit and when <N> is defined as the maximuminteger equal to or less than N and A and B are respectively defined asA=<N_(sys)÷N_(c)>, B=N_(sys)−A×N_(c), the bit collection unitcontinuously arranges the systematic bits up to the N_(c)-th column fromthe first column for the rows from the first row to A-th row and alsoarranges not continuously the B systematic bits up to the N_(c)-thcolumn from the first column for the (A+1)-th row. The bit collectionunit can arrange the B systematic bits up to the N_(c)-th column fromthe first column for the (A+1)-th row under the condition of partiallyarranging the B systematic bits in a continuous manner.

Therefore, the systematic bits must be continuously arranged up to theB-th column from the first column for the (A+1)-th row like the priorart but the systematic bits can also be arranged not continuously up tothe N_(c)-th column from the first column. As a result, tolerance amongthe blocks can be adjusted.

Description of the Second Embodiment

Next, another method of the bit arrangement method in the bit collectingunit will be described in detail.

This method is characterized in the arrangement method of the bits B ofthe remainder of the systematic bits described above.

In particular, while the bits B of the remainder are arranged at the(A+1)-th row, the column in which the systematic bits are arranged isdefined as 1+<N_(c)×(k−1)÷(N_(sys)−A×N_(c))>. Here, k=1, 2, . . . ,N_(sys)−A×N_(c). For example, when the setting is executed asN_(sys)=24, the number of redundant bits=16, N_(r)=4, and N_(c)=10, thefollowing results are obtained:Nr=<24÷10>=2.

Column 1 in which the systematic bits are arranged=1+<10×(1−1)÷(24−2×10)>=1

Column 2 in which the systematic bits are arranged=1+<10×(2−1)÷(24−2×10)>=3

Column 3 in which the systematic bits are arranged=1+<10×(3−1)÷(24−2×10)>=6

Column 4 in which the systematic bits are arranged=1+<10×(4−1)÷(24−2×10)>=8.

Therefore, the regions indicated with the oblique lines in FIG. 10 aredefined as the regions where the systematic bits are arranged, while theother regions are regions where the redundant bits are arranged. Thearrangement sequence in each region is identical to that in the firstembodiment and this description will not be repeated here.

In this embodiment, since the systematic bits B of the remainder can beseparately arranged (for example, arranged without concentration in theadjacent columns) in the predetermined bit position (at the lower bitpositions having a tolerance for an error which is lower than that ofthe upper bits when the natural arrangement is executed, for example, inthe 16 QAM modulation), the tolerance for error can easily be equalizedamong the blocks by sequentially arranging the bits of the first andsecond blocks from the left side without considering the number ofblocks.

When the corresponding relationship between the bit sequences and signalpoints is determined in the manner that the upper bits are defined tohave a tolerance for error that becomes lower than that of the lowerbits, the important bits (for example, the systematic bits) arepreferably arranged to provide the lower bits having higher toleranceand the number of important bits (for example, systematic bits) to beassigned to the bits having lower tolerance among the blocks canpreferably be equalized.

In the first and second embodiments, the 16 QAM has been discussed as anexample of the multi-level modulation system, but the other multi-levelmodulation system, such as 8-phase PSK, can also be utilized.

For example, when a bit sequence of three bits is assigned to eachsignal point as illustrated in FIG. 11, a difference is generated in thetolerances for an error at the bit positions in the bit sequence.Therefore it is also very effective, as in the case where the presentinvention is adapted. In the example of FIG. 11, the signal points wherethe codes of two adjacent signal points become identical to their owncodes, signal points exist for the first bit and the second bit of thebit sequence of three bits. However, for the third bit, such a signalpoint does not exist and at least any of two adjacent signal points hasa code that is different from its own signal point for all signalpoints. Accordingly, the code-to-code distance for the third bit isgenerally short compared to the first and second bits. As a result, thethird bit is considered to be the bit position in which an error isgenerated more easily compared to the first and second bits.

Moreover, when 64 QAM is employed, the tolerance for generation of erroris sometimes graded in the three levels (first bit position, second bitposition, and third bit position) in accordance with the bit positionresulting from the correspondence between the bit sequence and thesignal point.

It is of course preferable that the bit sequence generating means forcontrolling generation of the bit sequences set, for the predeterminedbit position within the bit sequence, the occupation rate, foroccupation of the predetermined bits included in the first data block,closer to the occupation rate, for occupation of the predetermined bitsincluded in the second data block, determined, as the predetermined bitposition, any of the first bit position, second bit position, and thirdbit position.

Since tolerances of the bits of at least the first block and the secondblock (for example, tolerances of the same kind of bits) are equalized,there is less deviation in the tolerances, that is, one has a highertolerance, while the other has a lower tolerance, and therefore thetotal probability of generation of error can be lowered.

Moreover, the chance of an unwanted signal being transmitted byre-transmitting the blocks in the side where there is no error can bereduced through enhancement of the probability of the case where anerror is generated simultaneously in both blocks or no error isgenerated in either block.

Although specific embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that thereare other embodiments that are equivalent to the described embodiments.Accordingly, it is to be understood that the invention is not to belimited by the specific illustrated embodiments, but only by the scopeof the appended claims.

1. A transmitting apparatus comprising: circuitry operable to generate a plurality of bit sequences using bits included in a first data block and a second data block; circuitry operable to control the plurality of bit sequences to correspond to a signal point on the phase plane, comprising a bit sequence generating unit operable to control the generation of the bit sequences to adjust an occupation rate occupied with predetermined bits included in the first data block to be closer to an occupation rate occupied with predetermined bits included in the second data block in regard to bit positions of the predetermined bits, based on an error tolerance of the respective bit sequences generated resulting from the correspondence to a signal point on the phase plane; and circuitry operable to transmit the signals obtained by multi-level modulations in accordance with each signal point.
 2. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting apparatus transmits the signals within a radio frame.
 3. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein respective bit sequences are provided, resulting from the correspondence to a signal point on the phase plane, the bit sequences having first bit positions, and having second bit positions in which an error is more easily generated than that in the first bit positions, and wherein the predetermined bit positions are the first bit positions or the second bit positions.
 4. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the first data block includes systematic bits and redundant bits and the second data block includes systematic bits and redundant bits, the predetermined bits included in the first data block and the predetermined bits included in the second data block are systematic bits, and the bit sequence generating unit executes control to preferentially allocate the systematic bits to the first bit positions in accordance with the control.
 5. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the multilevel modulation is 16 QAM modulation and the first bit positions are upper bits and the second bit positions are lower bits.
 6. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the upper bits are a first bit and a second bit and the lower bits are a third bit and a fourth bit.
 7. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the first data block includes systematic bits and redundant bits and the second data block includes systematic bits and redundant bits, and the predetermined bits included in the first data block and the predetermined bits included in the second data block are systematic bits or redundant bits.
 8. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the first data block and the second data block include systematic bits obtained by turbo encoding, first data block and the second data block include first redundant bits and second redundant bits, and both predetermined bits included in the first data block and predetermined bits included in the second data block are systematic bits, or redundant bits, or first redundant bits, or second redundant bits.
 9. A transmitting apparatus comprising: a segmentation unit operable to segment data and an error detection code for the data into N blocks; an error correction encoding unit operable to execute an error correction encoding process on the N blocks; an arrangement means operable to arrange N blocks of systematic bits and redundant bits obtained after the error correcting coding process into a plurality of bit sequences; and a transmitting unit operable to transmit the data after execution of amplitude phase modulation corresponding to each signal point on a phase plane indicated by each arranged bit sequence; wherein the arrangement means is further operable to equalize a number of systematic bits of N blocks to be arranged so as to more easily generate an error.
 10. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: the arrangement means is further operable to substantially sequentially arrange a plurality of the bit sequences up to that included in the N blocks from that included in the first block, and the arrangement means is further operable to execute the equalizing by distributing bit sequences which are admitted to arrange the systematic bits so as to bit position more easily generate an error.
 11. A bit arrangement method in a bit arrangement apparatus comprising the steps of: generating L bit sequences by performing the steps of: segmenting transmit data into two or more bit groups including a first bit group including X bits and a second bit group including Y bits, and arranging bits of the first bit group and bits of the second bit group into a first bit position and a second bit position wherein an error is more easily generated than the first bit position, wherein certain bits included in the first bit group and certain bits included in the second bit group are arranged to the first bit position, a number of the certain bits included in the first bit group arranged at the second bit position is set smaller than X+Y−<(X+Y)÷L>×L and a number of the certain bits included in the second bit group arranged at the second bit position is set equal to 1 or larger, where (<(X+Y))÷L>+1)×(X+Y−<(X+Y)÷L>×L)≦X, 2≦(X+Y−<(X+Y)÷L>×L), and wherein <N> is a maximum integer equal to or less than N.
 12. A radio base station utilizing High Speed Downlink Packet Access, comprising: a code block segmentation unit operable to generate data by segmentation, the data including at least a first data block and a second data block; a rate matching unit operable to provide rate matching of the data; and a bit collection unit operable to generate a bit matrix of 4×N_(c) for 16 QAM by re-arranging the data from the rate matching unit, wherein the bit collection unit continuously arranges systematic bits up to an N_(c)-th column from a first column for an A-th row from a first row and also arranges non-continuously B systematic bits up to the N_(c)-th column from the first column for an (A+1)-th row; wherein N_(c) is a total number of columns, N_(sys) is a total number of systematic bits of the first data block and the second data block included in the data, <N> is a maximum integer equal to or less than N, A=<N_(sys)÷N_(c)>, and B=N_(sys)−A×N_(c).
 13. A method of transmitting data comprising the steps of: generating a plurality of bit sequences using bits included in a first data block and a second data block; controlling the plurality of bit sequences to correspond to a signal point on the phase plane, by controlling the generation of the bit sequences to adjust an occupation rate occupied with predetermined bits included in the first data block to be closer to an occupation rate occupied with predetermined bits included in the second data block in regard to bit positions of the predetermined bits, based on an error tolerance of the respective bit sequences generated resulting from the correspondence to a signal point on the phase plane; and transmitting the signals obtained by multi-level modulations in accordance with each signal point;
 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the transmitting step comprises the step of: transmitting the signals within a radio frame.
 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein respective bit sequences are provided, resulting from the correspondence to a signal point on the phase plane, the bit sequences having first bit positions, and having second bit positions in which an error is more easily generated than that in the first bit positions, and wherein the predetermined bit positions are the first bit positions or the second bit positions.
 16. The method according to claim 16, wherein: the first data block includes systematic bits and redundant bits and the second data block includes systematic bits and redundant bits, the predetermined bits included in the first data block and the predetermined bits included in the second data block are systematic bits, and the step of controlling the plurality of bit sequences comprises the step of: executing control to preferentially allocate the systematic bits to the first bit positions in accordance with the control.
 17. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the multilevel modulation is 16 QAM modulation and the first bit positions are upper bits and the second bit positions are lower bits.
 18. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the upper bits are a first bit and a second bit and the lower bits are a third bit and a fourth bit.
 19. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 13, wherein: the first data block includes systematic bits and redundant bits and the second data block includes systematic bits and redundant bits, and the predetermined bits included in the first data block and the predetermined bits included in the second data block are systematic bits or redundant bits.
 20. The transmitting apparatus according to claim 13, wherein: the first data block and the second data block include systematic bits obtained by turbo encoding, first data block and the second data block include first redundant bits and second redundant bits, and both predetermined bits included in the first data block and predetermined bits included in the second data block are systematic bits, or redundant bits, or first redundant bits, or second redundant bits. 